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目的：探究太极拳对大学生负性情绪刺激下执行功能的影响及其脑网络机制。方法：以36名大学生为研究对象，采用单因素（情绪刺激：基线、负性、中性）被试内实验设计，比较不同情绪刺激条件下执行功能各子功能的反应时及正确率的变化；在此基础上，采用3（组别：实验组、运动对照组、空白对照组）×2（刺激：基线、负性情绪刺激）×2（时间：干预前、干预后）混合实验设计，分析8周运动干预前后负性情绪刺激下执行功能各子功能、脑功能网络拓扑属性的变化。结果：1）负性情绪刺激显著延长了抑制、刷新、转换功能的反应时，即干扰了执行功能运行效率，对正确率无显著影响；刺激因素对执行功能各子功能反应时变化的解释力度不同，对转换功能反应时变化的解释力最大。2）太极拳干预显著提升了基线和负性情绪刺激下执行功能的运行效率，降低了负性情绪刺激对执行功能运行效率的干扰，使其恢复到基线水平。3）太极拳干预显著提升了脑网络局部效率，增强了左侧丘脑、双侧嗅皮质的聚类系数，降低了左侧颞下回的聚类系数；提升了双侧后扣带回、右侧楔叶、左侧海马、右侧楔前叶上的节点效率；提升了右侧嗅觉皮质、左侧丘脑的节点局部效率。进一步相关分析发现，太极拳干预后，负性情绪刺激对抑制功能干扰值的降低与左侧丘脑局部效率和聚类系数的升高有关，转换功能干扰值的降低与右侧楔前叶的节点效率的降低有关。结论：1）负性情绪刺激能够降低执行功能各子功能的运行效率，且影响程度不同。2) 8周太极拳干预能够有效降低负性情绪刺激对执行功能的干扰，促进脑网络功能分离水平的提升，增强脑功能网络局部信息传输效率。3）太极拳在降低负性情绪刺激对执行功能干扰，改善脑功能网络运行模式方面优于健步走，具有独特的项目优势。
Abstract：Objective: To investigate the effects of Tai Chi Chuan(TCC) intervention on executive function(EF) under negative emotional stimuli in college students and its underlying brain network mechanisms. Methods: Thirty-six college students were recruited. First, a one-factor(stimulus type: baseline, negative emotional stimuli, neutral emotional stimuli) within-subjects experimental design was used to analyze and compare the accuracy and reaction time of each sub-function of EF under baseline, negative emotional, and neutral emotional conditions. Subsequently, a 3(group: TCC group, aerobic exercise control group, blank control group)×2(stimulus: baseline, negative emotional stimuli) ×2(time: pre-intervention, post-intervention) mixed experimental design was employed to analyze and compare changes in each sub-function of EF under negative emotional stimuli and topological properties of brain functional networks before and after an 8-week exercise intervention. Results: 1) Negative emotional stimuli interfered with the processing efficiency of each sub-function of EF, manifested as extended reaction times in inhibition, updating, and shifting, with no significant effect on accurate rate. The influence of stimulating factors on the reaction times of each sub-function of executive function varies, and the impact on the reaction time of the shifting function is the greatest. 2) TCC intervention significantly improved the processing efficiency of each sub-function of EF under both baseline and negative emotional conditions, reduced the interference of negative emotional stimuli on EF processing efficiency, and restored it to baseline levels. 3) TCC intervention significantly enhanced local efficiency of the brain network, significantly increased the nodal clustering coefficient(NCp) of the left thalamus and bilateral olfactory cortex, significantly decreased the NCp of the left inferior temporal gyrus, and significantly improved nodal efficiency in the bilateral posterior cingulate gyrus, right cuneus, left hippocampus, and right precuneus. It also significantly enhanced nodal local efficiency in the right olfactory cortex and left thalamus. Further correlation and regression analyses revealed that after TCC intervention, the reduction in interference value of negative emotional stimuli on inhibition was significantly correlated with increased local efficiency and clustering coefficient in the left thalamus, while the reduction in interference value on shifting was correlated with decreased nodal efficiency in the right precuneus. Conclusions: 1) Negative emotional stimulation can reduce the efficiency of each sub-function of executive function, and the degree of influence is different. 2) An 8-week TCC intervention effectively reduced the interference of negative emotional stimuli on EF, promoted the level of functional segregation in brain networks, and enhanced the efficiency of local information transmission in brain functional networks. 3) TCC demonstrated unique advantages over brisk walking in reducing the interference of negative emotional stimuli on EF and improving the operational mode of brain functional networks.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.16470/j.csst.2025099
中图分类号:G852.11;G804.8
引用信息:
[1]崔蕾,申其淇,刘禹彤,等.太极拳对大学生负性情绪刺激下执行功能的影响及脑网络机制：来自图论分析的证据[J].中国体育科技,2026,62(01):43-64.DOI:10.16470/j.csst.2025099.
基金信息:
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金（1243200007）