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目的：探究不同类型急性疲劳对羽毛球运动员杀球表现影响的运动学机制，并阐明其动力链加速度特征。方法：采用随机交叉设计，24名优秀大学生羽毛球运动员(男17人，女7人)分别完成60 min的身体疲劳、脑力疲劳和身体-脑力双重疲劳诱导。运用反向跳跃(countermovement jump,CMJ)、主观疲劳感知(ratings of perceived exertion,RPE)、疲劳自我评估量表(visual analogue fatigue scale,VAFS)和心率变异性(heart rate variability,HRV)等多维指标评估疲劳状态，通过惯性测量单元(inertial measurement unit,IMU)获取动力链加速度特征，并结合杀球速度和准确性测试评估技术表现。结果：1)身体疲劳[(182.16±20.34)km/h]和身体-脑力双重疲劳[(177.92±13.67)km/h]导致杀球速度显著下降(P<0.001)，而脑力疲劳影响相对较小；2) 3种疲劳状态均显著降低杀球准确性，其中脑力疲劳组[(9.28±1.54)分]和身体-脑力双重疲劳组[(8.92±2.01)分]的表现显著低于身体疲劳组[(10.04±1.67)分](P<0.05);3)动力链加速度分析结果表明，脑力疲劳主要影响前臂等远端节段的运动特征，前臂z轴加速度范围减小7.86 m/s2(P<0.01)，而身体疲劳则对整个上肢动力链产生广泛影响，表现为前臂、上臂和肩部各轴向加速度范围和最小值显著变化(P<0.05);4)身体-脑力双重疲劳状态下，动力链各节段加速度特征变化最为显著，且运动协调性显著下降。结论：不同类型疲劳通过不同的运动学机制影响羽毛球杀球表现，身体疲劳主要通过影响动力链的力量传递降低杀球速度，脑力疲劳主要通过影响远端精细控制降低杀球准确性，而身体-脑力双重疲劳则同时影响力量传递和动作控制能力。
Abstract：Objective: To investigate the kinematic mechanisms underlying the effects of different types of acute fatigue on smash performance in elite badminton players and to clarify their kinetic chain acceleration characteristics. Methods: A randomized crossover design was employed, with 24 collegiate elite badminton athletes(seventeen males, seven females) undergoing 60-minute fatigue induction interventions of physical fatigue, mental fatigue, and physical-mental dual fatigue. Multidimensional assessments, including countermovement jump(CMJ), ratings of perceived exertion(RPE), visual analogue fatigue scale(VAFS), and heart rate variability(HRV), were used to evaluate fatigue states. Kinetic chain acceleration characteristics were captured via inertial measurement unit(IMU), while smash performance was assessed through velocity and accuracy tests. Results: 1) Significant reductions in smash velocity under physical fatigue [(182.16±20.34) km/h] and physical-mental dual fatigue [(177.92±13.67) km/h](P<0.001), with minimal mental fatigue impact; 2) all fatigue types impaired smash accuracy, with mental fatigue [(9.28±1.54) points] and physical-mental dual fatigue [(8.92±2.01) points] groups performing significantly worse than the physical fatigue group [(10.04±1.67) points](P<0.05); 3) kinetic chain acceleration characteristics analysis revealed mental fatigue predominantly altered the kinetic characteristics of distal segments such as the forearm, with the acceleration of the forearm decreasing by 7.86 m/s2 in z-axis range of motion(P<0.01), whereas physical fatigue broadly affected upper-limb chain dynamics, showing significant changes in range of motion and minima of each axis across forearm, upper arm, and shoulder(P<0.05); 4) physical-mental dual fatigue induced the most pronounced acceleration alterations of each segment of the kinetic chain and coordination degradation. Conclusions: Different types of fatigue affect the smash performance in badminton through different kinematic mechanisms, physical fatigue compromises smash velocity by affecting the force transmission through the kinetic chain, mental fatigue disrupts the smash accuracy by affecting the fine control of distal segments, and physical-mental dual fatigue synergistically affects both mechanisms of the force transmission and motion control abilities.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.16470/j.csst.2025077
中图分类号:G847
引用信息:
[1]刘朦,辛芃,郭振向,等.不同类型急性疲劳影响羽毛球运动员杀球表现的运动学机制：基于动力链加速度特征的分析[J].中国体育科技,2026,62(04):3-15.DOI:10.16470/j.csst.2025077.
基金信息:
国家体育总局国家队科技助力青年项目（25QN011）; 济南大学卓越硕士研究生创新计划项目（2025ZYSS38）
2026-04-15
2026-04-15