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运动作为一种非药物干预手段，具有改善大脑神经功能和精神健康的潜力，其核心机制在于对神经网络的多层次影响。大脑神经网络的运动响应涉及神经活动、神经细胞、神经环路和功能连接多个层面。运动通过调节神经网络活动、改善神经细胞功能、调控神经环路互作、优化大脑功能连接，有效提升大脑功能，尤其在神经精神疾病的干预中展现了显著效益。表明运动对大脑的益处并非通过孤立、零散的分子事件实现，而是通过对大脑神经网络进行多层次、系统性的重塑与优化来达成。在此基础上，本文提出“细胞—环路—功能连接”多层次网络调控框架。其核心结论为：运动对大脑的益处并非源于单一分子或环路的孤立变化，而是依赖于大脑多层级网络的协同重塑；运动干预的效果具有显著的情境依赖性，既受年龄、性别、遗传背景等生物学因素影响，更受到运动动机、结果预期与社会支持等心理社会因素的自上而下调控，故需从“生物-心理-社会”多维度加以理解，并推动运动干预由单一生物医学手段向个性化、社会化的健康促进范式转化。遗传操控、多组学与钙成像等前沿神经科学技术同人工智能、脑机接口的交叉融合，正将上述机制性认识转化为可量化的生物标志物，同时也为个性化运动干预提供理论依据与实践路径。
Abstract：Exercise, as a non-pharmacological intervention for brain neural function and mental health, has demonstrated great potential in systematically improving brain function. The brain's neural network response to exercise involves multiple levels, including neural activity, neural cells, neural circuits, and functional connectivity. Exercise effectively enhances brain function by modulating neural network activity, improving neural cell functionality, regulating interactions within neural circuits, and enhancing brain functional connectivity, particularly showing remarkable benefits in interventions for neuropsychiatric disorders. This indicates that the benefits of exercise on the brain are not achieved through isolated or fragmented molecular events, but rather through a multi-level and systemic remodeling and optimization of neural networks. Based on this evidence, this paper proposes and substantiates a “cell-circuit-functional connectivity” multilevel network regulation framework. Its central conclusion is that the benefits of exercise on the brain arise not from isolated molecular or circuit changes, but from the coordinated remodeling of multi-level brain networks; moreover, exercise outcomes are highly context-dependent, shaped not only by biological factors such as age, sex, and genetic background, but also by “topdown” psychosocial factors such as motivation, outcome expectancy, and social support. These findings call for understanding exercise-induced brain benefits from an integrated biopsychosocial perspective, and for shifting exercise intervention from a purely biomedical approach toward a personalized, socially embedded health-promotion paradigm. The convergence of cutting-edge neuroscience technologies, such as genetic manipulation, multi-omics, and calcium imaging, with artificial intelligence and brain-computer interfaces is translating the mechanistic insights into quantifiable biomarkers, while also providing a theoretical basis and practical pathways for personalized exercise interventions.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.16470/j.csst.2025112
中图分类号:G804.2
引用信息:
[1]章森,何文柯,林晨丽,等.运动对大脑神经网络的调控：从机制、功能到精准干预的整合性视角[J].中国体育科技,2026,62(08):29-49.DOI:10.16470/j.csst.2025112.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金面上项目（32271174）
2026-08-15
2026-08-15